管壳式浓硫酸冷却器结垢原因分析及清洗

介绍浓硫酸冷却器的类型以及管壳式浓硫酸冷却器水侧和酸侧出现结垢的原因分析,并提出解决方法.管壳式浓硫酸冷却器水侧污垢主要成分是CaCO3,可采用酸清洗;酸侧污垢主要成分是硅溶胶,可采用热碱清洗.为防止浓硫酸冷却器结垢,应控制好循环水中钙、镁离子浓度及pH值和干吸系统补充水中二氧化硅质量浓度.对已结垢的酸冷却器进行正确清洗,可提高设备的使用周期及换热效率.     

Integrated UV-based photo microreactor-distillation technology toward process intensification of continuous ultra-high-purity electronic-grade silicon tetrachloride manufacture

Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm⁻¹ and 2160 cm⁻¹ indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of SiH bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl₄ manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products.     

海外矿业投资与风险控制研究

文章阐述了海外矿业投资项目各类风险,分析了国内企业海外矿业投资中可能存在的风险,指出了海外矿业投资面临的问题和不足,提出了有效规避和控制投资风险的策略和国内企业海外投资建议。     

麦羟基硅钠石的可控合成及其阳离子交换性能研究

目前,开发绿色高效的重金属吸附材料受到人们的广泛关注。以硅藻土为原料,经水热法选择性地制备了2类硅酸盐材料即麦羟基硅钠石和方沸石。吸附测试结果表明,麦羟基硅钠石层间的钠离子能够与锂离子、镁离子、锌离子、钴离子、镍离子、铜离子等进行阳离子交换且能保持层状母体框架的稳定性。以钴离子、镍离子为例深入研究其吸附动力学和吸附机制发现,钴离子和镍离子的嵌入分别将麦羟基硅钠石的层间距由本征的1.56 nm减小到0.24、0.23 nm;室温下,对钴离子、镍离子的最大吸附量分别可达45、39 mg/g,均符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;钠离子的置换量大约是吸附的钴离子、镍离子量的两倍,证实层间离子交换主导吸附化学过程。因此,麦羟基硅钠石材料在多金属硅酸盐功能材料的合成以及环境吸附净化领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

Integrated UV-based photo microreactor-distillation technology toward process intensification of continuous ultra-high-purity electronic-grade silicon tetrachloride manufacture

Ultra-high-purity silicon tetrachloride (SiCl₄) is demanded as an electronic-grade chemical to meet the stringent requirements of the rapidly developing semiconductor industry. The high requirement for ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ has created the need for a high-efficient process for reducing energy consumption as well as satisfying product quality. In this paper, a mass of production technology of ultra-high-purity SiCl₄ was successfully developed through chlorination reaction in the ultraviolet (UV)-based photo microreactor coupled with the distillation process. The influences of key operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, UV wavelength and light intensity on the product quality, especially for hydrogen-containing impurities, were quantified by the infrared transmittance of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) at 2185 cm^-1 and 2160 cm^-1 indicating that characteristic vibrational modes of Si—H bonds, as well as the operating conditions of distillation were also investigated as key factors for metal impurities removing. The advanced intensification of SiCl₄ manufactured by the integration of photo microreactor and distillation achieves the products with superior specifications higher than the standard commercial products.     

A~2/O百乐克工艺的设计特点及实际运行效果

针对典型百乐克工艺的特点和存在的问题,提出了A~2/O百乐克污水处理工艺,该工艺在保留典型百乐克工艺主要优势的基础上,针对其存在的问题做了系统改进,有效强化了污水的生物除磷脱氮功能.实际运行结果表明,A~2/O百乐克工艺能够适应我国低C/N比的水质条件,出水水质可稳定达到一级B排放标准(GB 18918--2002),具有工艺运行控制调整灵活、耐瞬时冲击负荷和运行能耗低等特点,是城市生活污水的可靠处理工艺.     

地下矿无人驾驶电机车运输关键技术方案研究

以冬瓜山铜矿为背景,分析了无人驾驶电机车技术的关键问题,提出了技术方案,主要包括智能电机车技术方案、通讯技术方案、调度系统方案以及装载站控制技术方案。地下矿用无人驾驶电机车运输已经在冬瓜山铜矿-875 m运输中段试验成功,验证了该技术方案实用可行,效果良好。     

1600kt/a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置介绍

介绍了某有色冶炼项目1 600 kt/a硫酸装置的工艺流程、主要设备、设计特点及主要技术经济参数。制酸采用绝热蒸发、稀酸洗涤净化、预转化+"3+2"二转二吸工艺。尾气采用离子液吸附、解吸脱硫工艺,副产高浓度的SO2气体。装置充分合理利用低温位热能和高温位热能,循环水量和用电量明显降低,硫利用率达98.9%,尾气排放ρ(SO2)≤150 mg/m3。     

红土镍矿湿法冶炼项目选址要点概述

以印尼某红土镍矿湿法冶炼项目为例,通过对红土镍矿资源地区的自然条件、社会条件、外部交通条件、生态环境保护条件等影响因素结合项目工程特点进行分析,详细论述红土镍矿湿法冶炼项目在建厂选址时需要注意的若干要点,从而优化项目选址方案,并对此类项目投资决策与工程建设提供参考。     

A/O+MBR工艺在分散式污水处理工程中的应用

针对北京市通州区分散式污水处理厂站节约占地、出水水质指标要求高特点,以某分散式污水工程A/O+MBR工艺为例,对2018年1-12月工艺运行情况分析。运行结果表明:AO+MBR工艺全年对COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为91.97%、98.83%、66.24%、92.68%,沿程水质数据分析说明COD、NH₄⁺-N及TN在第一级生化罐完成大部分污染物去除。工艺运行费用约5.14元/吨,该工艺适用于对出水水质要求高或者有回用需求的地区。